Telegraphy.



UNITED srn rns PATENT OFFICE. i1

CHARLES .L. BUOKINGHAM, OF NEW YORK, AND EMIL GEltMA'NN, OF

BROOKLYN, YORK; SAID GERMANN ASS IGNORTO SA INGHAM.

TELEGRAPHY.

Patented July 17,1900. I

Original application filed November 2, 1899, Serial No. 735,323. Dividedand this application filed beoomber 7, 19111. Serial 110. 86,028.

To all whomfit may concern."

Be it known that we, Oneness L. BUCK- INGHAM, of the city'and county ofNew York, and EMIL GERM Nm. of Brooklyn, Kings 5 county, State of NewYork, citizens of the United States of America, have made certainnew anduseful Improvements in Telegraphy, of which the following is aspecification. 1 Messages are repared in sections for transmission bytiib Wheatstone transmitter or other suitable apparatus and arereproduced by a page-printer, as in United States Patent No. 579,634,March 30, 1897, the several perforated sections of a message being 1separated by divisional spaces whereby Morse or othersignals may betransmitted while such. divisional i spaces are passing through theautomatic transmitter. I The present case is a division of our applizo.cation, Serial No. 735,623, filed November 2, 1899, upon which patentNo. 765,456, July "19, 1904, was anted, Figures18, 19, 16,17, T 12,13,14, 0 such original application having been herein reproduced as Figs. 1to 8, inz 5 elusive;

Fig. 1 shows a duplex, telegraph system adapted to the Wheatston'eserviceand provided with special devices whereby in the operation" ofour printer s stem one side is 0. made practicall indepen ent'of theother. Fig. 2 is a ske eton View of the operative parts of a Wheatstonetransmitter and is ere presented to show in detail some of the partsthat are not represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 5 3 represents aline-mark'which is conspicuous and distinctive in appearance to show inthe tape the termination of one line at its leftand the commencement ofa new line of the messa e to be reproduced upon the printer at 40 the riat. Fig. 4 shows a long space, the preferre form, between the sectionsor main divisions of a message. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a line-markor a 'roup of-perforations separating two lines o a message which is tobe reproduced in page form by our pageprintin telegraph. This is analternative form W ich is here shown chiefly to indicate the advantagesof the line-mark shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing three reetitions of the line-mark group represente in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 shows threerepetitions of the line-mark group of Figs. 5 and 6, but

i with the spaces ending the groups omitted,

this representing an erasure, a rub-out, or a dlvisional space forseparating the main sections of a message. Fig. 8 shows the letters a" bc of theprinter code on each side of an erasure, rub-out, or divisionalspace. If the perforating operator were to make an error in any part ofthe message, the section of solid perforations here shown might beemployed to cover the error, and at its end to the right the messagemight be resumed.

This series of perforations, however, may U .also be employed toseparate the main sections of a message. The sectional spaces of Fig. 4,however, is the preferred form, and

Fig. 8 is shown only for the pur ose of-illusgating the advantages ofthe p an shown in Ordinarily a message to be reproduced by ourpage-printing telegraph is prepared in four main'sections, the first ofwhich contains the 0fiice-record of the message, the next the address ofthe person to whom the message is sent, the next the body of themessage, and the next the signature. The

divislonal spaces between the four sections 7 of a message might consistof a solid series of dot-holes in the tape, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.In tlus case a long series of dot pulses would be sent over the linewhile the dividing-section was running through the Wheatstonetransmitter; but the printer would remain unaffected by them, and duringsuch time the feed-wheel of the printer could be disengaged from andreenga ed with the escapement-pallets of the feed-wheel to bring thepaper sheet upon which the message is printed to an initial position forthe commencement of a new message. has proved successful in practice,-but to leave the section-spaces a plain blank, as in Fig. 4,is-preferable for many reasons. If it were necessary to unch seven oreight airs of holes at each epression of a key 0' theperforating-machine, the resistance to the operation of the key would befar greater than the depression of a ke which was intended only tooperate the ceding device of the perforator by which the blank space ofFig. 4 is produced. Obviously for many'rea SOIln the divisional sectionof the tape-may be This plan prmluccd as a blank section much moreexpeditiously and conveniently than by :[llling said section with asolid series of )err'ora tions, as shown in Fig. 8 but aside from themany advantages in the production of a blank space as compared with along series of perforations there is one of far greater importance: Byemploying a blank between the message-sections we are able to morenearly make one side of a duplex practically independent of the otherwhen sending printer messages in opposite directions on a Wire.

In our ordinary du lezc if a receiving operator breaks back to t todistant transmitting end to question the transmitting operator at thatend the work of the other side or of the other transmitter and receiveris put in confusion and must be suspended. in other Words, if thereceiver on one side of a duplex finds it necessary to question histransmitting correspondent the two persons on the other side must. wait.In our system, hov ever, a receiving operator may call or signal to hissending operator whenever a blank space of the tape is passing throughthe Wheatstone transmitter. For all practical purposes a receivingoperator able to send f signals that are adequate for the purpose bymerely making three Morse dotsthe letter s-when he sees a blank betweensections of a message passing through theVVheatstone transmitter at hisown station. 11'' a swing on the wire (meaning that the wire momentarilytouched another wire) has resulted in mutilating a message, thereceiving operator merely sends. a Morse letter s to the trans mittingend under the conditions above stated, which means that thetransmitting; operator should rerun his tape. ll, how ever, the faultwere repeated during the rerun, the tape would be examined, and if foundimperfect the message would be reperlorated. By this means a receivingop' erator in New York may give all new signals to his transmittingcorrespondent in. Chicago without in. any manner interfering with. themessage which. at the time New York is sending to Cl'iicago.

We Will now describe the peculiar arrangement of apparatus by which thisresult is ac- CO]1])llSl,lG(l and the telegraph system as a whole, bywhich the blank spaces in the tape are made available to render one sideof the duplex independent of the other.

If the four sections of a message were sepa rated by a series 01'. dotperforations, as shown in Fig. 8, a series of dot pulses would betransmitted over the line by the V1 stone transmitter while such partoithe t )e was passing through the machine. These pulses would notinterfere with the printer at the distant station; but their presencewould pre vent the transmission of such Morse signals assets wereseparatedby blank portions of ta e a Morse letter or letters could. betransmitted during the passage of such parts through the transmitter bya receiving operator in New Yorlr. without interfering with a messagethen being sent from New York to Chicago. To accom lish this result, wedo not employ additions battery or change the repeating apparatus, nordo we do more in changing the receiving and transmittin apparatus of thesystem than to place an additional han.d. switch on the ll hoatstonetransmitter at each end of the line. We add to each l i heatstonetransmitter a, switch, as shown in 1, by which we are able to send Morsesignals when the pulsc-reverser of the trans mitter is momentarilyarrested in one of its two operative positions. Each transmitter isprovidedwith the same Morse key that is usually employed with alVheatstone set for breaking purposes, and by means of such key wiilethe blank strip is passing through the machine the Vl hoatstone batterymay be reversed to signal the opposite station. It would not, however,answer to reverse the battery once or even twice, inasmuch as any lessthan three reversals would interfere with the operation of the printerat the distant station-that is to say, the printer as shown in thepatents of Buckingham and Germann, No. 544,347, August 13, 1895, and No.

579,634, March 30, 1897, is so constructed that three reversals oranymultiple of three would not interfere with whatever message it might bereceiving; but as the printer is constructed'other numbers would causeconi in.

. rring Fi 1, two stations are shown which are joined oy a main line135, and at each is a polarized differential relay, prefer ably of theWheatstone type, and a Wheatstone transmitter, the operative parts ofwhich are outlined in Fig. 2. bars l0 109, which are simultaneouslyactuated by a handle 101, which is pivoted to hasc platc 100, are shownin their normal'position. In this position with. pulse-reversing bar orarm 118 held against stop 112, as shown, a circuit is formed from earthGr to the middle oi battery I38, thence to the left by contact 126,armature-bar 127, Wire .511, stop 112, arm 118, wires 116 217, andthrough the dilierential relay by Way of the main and artificial lines.By this means a negative pulse is sent over main line to the distantstation. When, however, pulsereversing arm Il H5 is n'lovcd into Contactwith 1.13 and away from 112, the circuit from Gr is formed through theright half of battery 13B, wire 123 121, switch-bar .108, wire 1141-,contact 113, arm 118, wires 116 117 through the differential relay, themain line, and thence to the distant station, and in this position of asit might be necessary to send for the pur- 118 a positive pulse istransmitted to the poses alreadydescribed, but It the sections 1 mainline. .lt is thus seen that the positive The contaotreversals of currentcoulds'till be sent over the 'wire by working the Morse key 130. Whenthe key 130 is open, a'negative current must flow to'line, as hasalready been described; but upon depressing said key magnet 129 wouldattract armature.127 to contact 125 and thus form a circuit from theositive pole of battery 138 by wire 122, ar-

.}ii[ 1ature-lever 127, wire 111, and, as before, to

'l-inux that is to say, by depressing the Morse .lieyj a positive pulseis sent to line in place of the! negative which was flowing when the keywas in its upper position. It is thus apparem that a polarized 'relaymay be operated at "a' distant. station by a Morse operator while ablank tape is running through the Wheatstone transmitter at the homestation, thereby giving to the system for breaking purposessubstantially the capacity of a quadruplex.

When handle 101 of the switch is moved to the right, thereby placing 104in contact with 105 and 108 in contact with 107, the Wheatstonetransmitter will be disconnected; but at the same time communication byMorse is established.

With the switch in one position, the system'is adapted for Morse, whilein the other, as shown in Fig. 1, it is adapted for re ular Wheatstone,and at the same time for orse, while the contacts of the Wheatstonetransmitter are so held as to transmit to line a continuous negativecurrent. Of course the connection might be so changed as to allow Morseto be sent during a ositive prolonga tionof current; but as the eatstonetrans- Initter usually sends a negative current during the passagethrough it of a blank pieceof tape we have adopted the arrangement hereshown. It is thus seen that our preferred plan contemplates as anessential condition the transmission of a continuous current of onepolarity during the time that a part of the tape between sections of amessage is passing through the transmitter. Obviously this is mostconveniently fiected by leaving the dividing portions blank; but thesame result might be accomplished if dot-holes were perforated in oneside of the strip. More genericnlly, however, .our inventioncontemplates the division of a message or other matter to betransmitted. into sections with a blank, dot, or other spacing betweensections of suilicient length that as such spaces are passing through anautomatic transmitter at one station Morse signals from the same stationmay be sent without interfering with ing key 130 once. In this caseduring the deression of .key 130, contact having been broken between 126and 127, a series of short positive pulses wouldbe sent to line, whichwould act upon the'distant polar relay, as would a continuous positivecurrent, to ive one signal. These short positive pu ses would notinterfere with the receiving printer at the distant end; but as therewould be only one stroke of therelay the signal would not be asdistinctive as if there were one or more letters like the Morse s. Otherdisadvantages of this plan in comparison with that where blank tapespaces are used have been sufficiently noted.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is v 1. Amessage-tape in which messages are prepared for transmission by theWheatstone transmitter or other equivalent apparatus, and forreproduction by a page-printer, each of said messages being representedby several sections of perforations, said sections being separated byblank spaces, as herein shown and described, whereby Morse or othersignals may be transmitted while the spaces between sald sections arepassing through said transmitter. I

2. In a message-tape, the combination of groups of perforationsrepresenting, res ectively, several sections of a message, an divisionalspacings between said sections, as

and for the purpose set forth.

3. A tape having messages prepared therein in sections for transmissionby the Wheatstone transmitter or other equivalent apparatus, and forreproduction by a page printer, the recorded messages consistin inseparate parts of perforations with blan spaces between sa d sections,as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a message-tape, the combination of groups or perforationsrepresenting, respectively, several sections of a message andintermediate blank portions of tape between said sections. v

5. In a duplex telegraph, the combination of-an automatic transmitter, amanual trans- *mitter and a switehat each station, and a continuouslyholding said pulse-reverser in, e

one osition duringt passage of blankparts of tl ie tape through saldtransmitter, and a Morse key by which signals may be sent at such times.I

7. In a duplex telegraph, the combination of an automatic transmitterhaving a pulsereverser, a message-tape having divisional spaces betweensections of the message, and parts of th arj passing thmbgh tlrfi aMorse; key by which signals maybesent as Wheatstone 'trammitzfibr.

said divisional spmes pass tlnaughsaid traansw in testimony'whereof; wehave signed our 2-.5

,Initter. W v names to this specification in thapresence of I 5 5 f8.21duplex telegraph, the fifmbillmtion two. subscribing Witnesses.

0 a,- eatstone trslnszmzter, a, orse' my, a. v message-tape having blankspaces, a,- main line and battery and mswitch whereby the l Morse keymay alone-be placed in 'nper-ativsl Witnesses: zo relation with theline), or whereby said key JOHN SANDERS, may be in position msendsignals While bhmk- R0151. F, Damn

